临近中国传统新年,周小茵特意制作了一些传统茶点。 周小茵 摄
56岁周小茵是当地出了名的美食“达人”,每年都会根据时令节气,制作各类民间美食,在陶冶情操、丰富生活的同时,传承着中华民族传统美食文化。
新疆为数不多的唐菓子制作“艺人”
右手拿着三角棒,左手托着豆沙团,一推一压一挑间,一枚唐菓子现雏形。“制作一枚高颜值的唐菓子,需要全神投入,手的力道要准,并且有一气呵成的能力。”日前,周小茵如是说。
以豆沙为馅、外包“透花糍”的唐菓子是茶宴中佐茶而食的糕点,又称为茶菓、菓子等。 周小茵 摄临近中国传统新年,周小茵特意制作了一些传统茶点——唐菓子,树叶、花朵、贝壳……记者注意到,这些茶点造型各异、色彩艳丽,空气中还能嗅到清甜的味。
以豆沙为馅、外包“透花糍”的唐菓子是茶宴中佐茶而食的糕点,又称为茶菓、菓子等。其玲珑小巧,颜色艳丽,多以花鸟造型雕刻。
据《中国面点史》记载,于饮茶之风普及全国的唐代开始,出现了一边饮茶一边吃茶点(面点)的习俗,已有上千年的历史。
唐菓子玲珑小巧,颜色艳丽,多以花鸟造型雕刻。 周小茵 摄作为一种源自中国的古老美食,唐菓子制作近年来在中国复兴。热衷于制作美食的周小茵,深深地被唐菓子的历史文化所吸引,自学唐菓子的制作工艺,成为新疆伊犁区域为数不多的唐菓子制作“艺人”。
周小茵介绍,这款唐菓子选用上好的白云豆浸泡24小时,人工去皮煮制软烂、过滤,再加上少许糯米粉、砂糖进行炒制后,添加少许植物色粉造型而成。
周小茵把日子过成了诗。 周小茵 摄“遗传”祖辈中学时得“真传”
周小茵年轻时是七十一团的文艺骨干。对传统美食的热爱,源于从小受外祖父和母亲的影响。外祖父曾是乡里的乡厨,街坊邻里婚丧嫁娶都会请他掌勺。而母亲自幼跟随外祖父学习厨艺,长大后成当地出了名的“巧手”。
在物资匮乏的20世纪六七十年代,周小茵母亲手工制作各种民间“小零食”,给孩子们解馋。
塔式年馍。 周小茵 摄看着母亲将一个个普通食材变成好看又美味的“小零食”,幼时的周小茵被深深吸引,对制作美食产生浓厚兴趣。
中学时,周小茵得母亲“真传”,刺猬馍、枣馍、花馍……只要练上几遍,便能得心应手;南北菜式虽不说样样精通,但也做得有模有样。
“我学做传统民间美食有40多年。工作后因忙碌,做美食没有小时候那么频繁,但是逢年过节还是会做一些糕点。”周小茵说,每年的除夕年夜饭绝不能马虎,每道菜寓意美好、家人团圆,“咱中国人的传统,不能丢。”
2017年,周小茵迷上非遗唐菓子,她上网络视频学习,请教懂面食的行家,并将自己的创意融入其中。
彩色水饺。 周小茵 摄久而久之,周小茵练就了一双巧手,成为伊犁区域为数不多的年馍、花馍、唐菓子制作“艺人”。
近年来,她制作传统民间美食的消息经当地新媒体推送后,引发网友们的热评。
“在微信朋友圈看到小茵做的唐菓子,真精致!”可克达拉市民杨萍英说,以前见过这类糕点,但不知道叫什么。
“她制作的唐菓子味道好,让人舍不得下口。她家院子就像‘家庭公园’,花草满园、鱼鸟相伴。”好友李沛立说,周小茵身上那种对传统美食的执着和对生活的热爱,令人佩服。
冀望成为一名非遗传承人
周小茵退休后,属于自己的时间多了起来。2019年起,她专注于传统美食制作。
周小茵退休后,专注于传统美食制作。 周小茵 摄“每年我会根据年份制作生肖年馍。前年蒸的是牛馍,去年蒸的是虎馍,冬奥会期间我还做了汤圆版的冰墩墩,今年春节会蒸兔馍。”周小茵介绍,年馍以山西霍州最为出名,花馍以陕西为主。
近年来,新疆兵团对区域内非遗资源的种类、数量、分布状况进行全面普查、整理、归档与申报。调查发现,新疆兵团非遗线索涉及民间艺术、传统技艺、红色文化等,主要集中在剪纸、刺绣等传统手工技艺,美食类尚少。
“我会不断提高唐菓子的制作技艺,如果可能,希望能成为一名非遗传承人。”周小茵说,唐菓子是唐文化和艺术的代表作,需要我们这一代去传承、发扬。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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