他是中国现代桥梁之父,造桥炸桥皆因爱国!******
2023年1月9日
是我国著名桥梁专家、土木工程学家茅以升
127周年诞辰
他主持建造了第一座
由中国人自行设计的近代化公路两用桥
他是共和国的脊梁,最美奋斗者!
他,是学院的优等生
茅以升1896年出生于江苏镇江
小时候的他家境贫寒
总是被同辈讥讽
但他并不在乎他人的看法
自立自强!
1912年初
茅以升进入唐山工业专门学校预科
成绩名列前茅
1916年,他远赴大洋彼岸求学
在美国康奈尔大学
用一年时间便取得了硕士学位
之后
他又赴美国卡内基理工学院攻读博士
毕业时
他的博士论文《框架结构的次应力》
被认为达到了当时的世界领先水平
他的创见被称为“茅氏定律”
他,是战时的科学家
外国桥梁专家曾说
“中国人无法在钱塘江上建桥”
茅以升听到此话时,愤慨不已
发誓一定要打破这种谬论!
1934年至1937年
时任钱塘江大桥工程处处长的茅以升
在条件非常复杂的钱塘江上
主持设计并修建了全长1453米的
公路两用钱塘江大桥
钱塘江大桥于1937年9月26日通车
这是中国人自己设计和施工建造的
第一座现代钢铁大桥
是我国桥梁建筑史上的一座里程碑!
大桥宏伟,无奈战争无情
1937年11月
为不使大桥为敌所用
军事当局要求爆破大桥
12月23日傍晚,钱塘江大桥被迫炸毁!
茅以升含泪发誓
“抗战必胜,此桥必复!”
为阻止日军修复大桥以为之所用
茅以升亲自带走建桥的14箱资料
随后多年,他万里逃难
只为不让资料落入日军手中
终于1953年5月
钱塘江大桥铁路、公路重建并恢复通车
正是茅以升不懈的努力
捍卫了共和国的基业!
他,是最美的奋斗者
新中国成立后
1955年至1957年
茅以升受命主持修建了
我国第一座跨越长江的大桥
——武汉长江大桥
被称为“万里长江第一桥”
茅以升一生学桥、造桥、写桥
在中外报刊发表文章200余篇
主持编写了《中国古桥技术史》等书
为我国桥梁工程建设作出了杰出贡献
晚年,茅以升说:
“人生一征途耳,其长百年
我已走过十之七八
回首前尘,历历在目
崎岖多于平坦,忽深谷,忽洪涛
幸赖桥梁以渡
桥何名欤?曰奋斗!”
2019年9月25日
茅以升被评选为“最美奋斗者”
一生奉献,不负其名!
整理:焦子原
综合:人民日报、九三学社微信公众号
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)